Algebraic and Transcendental Numbers
نویسنده
چکیده
To begin with, recall that a complex number α is said to be a root of a polynomial P (X) if P (α) = 0. A complex number α is said to be algebraic if there is a nonzero polynomial P (X), with integer coefficients, of which α is a root. The set of algebraic numbers is denoted by Q̄. A complex number α which is not algebraic is said to be transcendental. The following numbers are obviously algebraic : • Rational numbers pq : take P (X) = qX − p. • √ 2 : take P (X) = X2 − 2. • 5 √ 3 : take P (X) = X5 − 3. • 1+ √ 5 2 : take P (X) = X 2 −X − 1.
منابع مشابه
Math 249 A Fall 2010 : Transcendental Number Theory
α is algebraic if there exists p ∈ Z[x], p 6= 0 with p(α) = 0, otherwise α is called transcendental . Cantor: Algebraic numbers are countable, so transcendental numbers exist, and are a measure 1 set in [0, 1], but it is hard to prove transcendence for any particular number. Examples of (proported) transcendental numbers: e, π, γ, e, √ 2 √ 2 , ζ(3), ζ(5) . . . Know: e, π, e, √ 2 √ 2 are transce...
متن کاملTranscendental Numbers and Zeta Functions
The concept of “number” has formed the basis of civilzation since time immemorial. Looking back from our vantage point of the digital age, we can agree with Pythagoras that “all is number”. The study of numbers and their properties is the mathematical equivalent of the study of atoms and their structure. It is in fact more than that. The famous physicist and Nobel Laureate Eugene Wigner spoke o...
متن کاملOn the complexity of algebraic numbers I. Expansions in integer bases
Let b ≥ 2 be an integer. We prove that the b-ary expansion of every irrational algebraic number cannot have low complexity. Furthermore, we establish that irrational morphic numbers are transcendental, for a wide class of morphisms. In particular, irrational automatic numbers are transcendental. Our main tool is a new, combinatorial transcendence criterion.
متن کاملSimultaneous Approximation by Conjugate Algebraic Numbers in Fields of Transcendence Degree One
We present a general result of simultaneous approximation to several transcendental real, complex or p-adic numbers ξ1, ..., ξt by conjugate algebraic numbers of bounded degree over Q, provided that the given transcendental numbers ξ1, ..., ξt generate over Q a field of transcendence degree one. We provide sharper estimates for example when ξ1, ..., ξt form an arithmetic progression with non-ze...
متن کاملSimultaneous Approximation of Logarithms of Algebraic Numbers
Recently, close connections have been established between simultaneous diophantine approximation and algebraic independence. A survey of this topic is given by M. Laurent in these proceedings [7]. These connections are one of the main motivations to investigate systematically the question of algebraic approximation to transcendental numbers. In view of the applications to algebraic independence...
متن کامل